Infertility

In humans, infertility may describe a woman who is unable to conceive as well as being unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. There are many biological and other causes of infertility, including some that medical interventioncan treat.

Female infertility may be caused by:

  • Autoimmune disorders, such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
  • Birth defects that affect the reproductive tract
  • Cancer or tumor
  • Clotting disorders
  • Diabetes
  • Drinking too much alcohol
  • Exercising too much
  • Eating disorders or poor nutrition
  • Growths (such as fibroids or polyps) in the uterus and cervix
  • Medicines such as chemotherapy drugs
  • Hormone imbalances
  • Obesity
  • Older age
  • Ovarian cysts and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
  • Pelvic infection or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
  • Scarring from sexually transmitted infection, abdominal surgery or endometriosis
  • Smoking
  • Thyroid disease

Male infertility can be caused by:

  • Birth defects
  • Cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation
  • Exposure to high heat for prolonged periods
  • Heavy use of alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine
  • Hormone imbalance
  • Impotence
  • Infection
  • Obesity
  • Older age
  • Retrograde ejaculation
  • Scarring from sexually transmitted infections, injury, or surgery
  • Smoking
  • Toxins in the environment